Most of the debate that ive been hearing that is, the meaningful debate, not the blather on tv and radio has centered around the u. Islamic provision of 1973 constitution in urdu by sohail. The syrian constitution 19732012 carnegie middle east center. Strengthening syrian participation in the drafting and preparation of their countrys constitution, and not. The syrian arab republic is proud of its arab identity and the fact that its people are an integral part of the arab nation. Constitution of the syrian arab republic 1973, as amended to 2012 english. Constitution 1973 this document is an english version of the syrian constitution adopted on march 1973 syria constitution 1973. The current constitution delineates the basic function of that states government.
If the transitional governing body tgb, possibly the council of ministers under the current constitution, is to assume full and exclusive executive powers, it must. Between the collapse of the ottoman empire in 1916 and promulgation of a permanent constitution in 1973, syria adopted several constitutions, all reflecting an amalgam of west european chiefly french, arab, and islamic political cultures. There is the further consideration that if a law is. Strengthening syrian participation in the drafting and preparation of their countrys constitution, and not only at a later stage of referendum. Much against king faysals wishes, the syrian arab congress instituted a separation of powers and legislative checks on monarchical power. At its heart is an examination of ingrained masculinist bias. Syria new constitutional committee al jazeera center for studies. Interrogating the constructions of masculinist protection and.
Presidential, parliamentary and local council elections are held in accordance with the electoral law 52014. Zulfiqar ali bhutto said, this constitution is made for everlasting time. There were 12 clauses related to a socialist state that were as bad as article 8. If the president of the republic or a fifth of the members of the peoples assembly object to a law before it is passed, on the grounds of its unconstitutionality, it shall be suspended until the court rules on it within 15 days of the date of lodging the objection at the court. Shaheed zulfikar ali bhuttos first achievement after coming into power was the preparation of a constitution for the country. Interrogating the constructions of masculinist protection. Civil servants act, 1973 constitutional provisions sl. It describes syrias character to be arab, democratic, and republican. This constitution was amended twice, the first amendment occurred in 1981, and the second in 2000. By contrast, syrian men may confer their citizenship onto their spouse and children by the virtue of their marriage and blood relationship. Among other things, it determines syria s character to be arab, democratic, and republican. Pursuant to the provisional constitution of may 1, 1969, a peoples assem bly was constituted in february 1971 under the name of peoples. Choose and love your syria, the future of syria is in your.
After the massive public anger on the arab governments following what is. Bashar was then nominated by the baath party and elected president in a popular referendum in library of congress federal research division country profile. The constitution of pakistan 1973 was enforced in the entire country at once. A syrian woman shows her ballot at a polling station during a referendum on the new constitution, in damascus, syria, sunday, feb. The 1920 syrian arab constitution was the most secular and democratic to date in the mid dle east. Article 1 arab nation, socialist republic 1 the syrian arab republic is a democratic, popular, socialist, and. All amendments in the constitution of pakistan 1973. But we have seen that since its inception to date the constitution of pakistan 1073 was amended from time to time for sake of the public and many a time for. May 25 and 26, 1973 purpose of elections pursuant to the provisional constitution of may 1, 1969, a peoples assem bly was constituted in february 1971 under the name of peoples council.
It entrenched the power of the arab socialist baath party, its article 8. The syrian arab republic, once the home of the ottoman empire, covers approximately 185,000 square kilometres of land in the heart of the middle east. Constitution of the syrian arab republic 1973, as amended to 2012. The syrian constitution 1973 2012 the previous version of the syrian constitution dates back from 1973 and has been valid up until february 2012 when the syrian government amended the text. Syria ratified this convention in april 1969, several months after its entry into force on 4 january 1969, in accordance with article 19. Written constitution prefaced a preamble and consist of 280 articles, arranged in 12 parts, and six schedules. Full text of constitution of pakistan in acrobat pdf format. Further, in line with panarab ideology, it positions the country as a region of the wider arab world and its people as an integral part of the arab nation.
Request pdf on mar 1, 2019, rahaf aldoughli published interrogating the constructions of masculinist protection and militarism in the syrian constitution of 1973 find, read and cite all the. Article 10 public organizations, professional unions and associations shall be bodies that group citizens in order to develop society and attain the interests. The current constitution of the syrian arab republic was adopted on 26 february 2012, replacing one that had been in force since march 1973. While teasing out this aspect, this study seeks to explore the status of women in the syrian constitution 1973 and laws by investigating the role of the state as a male protector in which womens rights become challenged by the states paternalistic perceptions.
Pdf analysing article 199 of the constitution of the. May 24, 2014 1973 constitution of pakistan shas production and zin production. Arab civilization, which is part of human heritage, has faced through its long history great challenges. When the ties of its national cohesion weakened, its civilizing role receded and the waves of colonial conquest shattered the arab nations unity, occupied its territory, and plundered its resources. We, the sovereign filipino people, imploring the aid of divine providence, in order to establish a government that shall embody our ideals, promote the general welfare, conserve and develop the patrimony of our nation, and secure to ourselves and our posterity the blessings of democracy under a regime of justice, peace, liberty. Constitution of syria document, english womens learning. The permanent syrian constitution of march, 1973 jstor. Part ii focuses on the 1973 constitution and syrian laws, exploring the construction of political identities in the formers preamble. Heller the latest major exercise in syrian constitution writing came to fruition on march, 1973, when a new charter, qualified as permanent, went into force following its approval by the peoples assembly on january 31 and by popular referendum on march 12. Commemorative stamp issued on the proclamation of the 1973 constitution. Constitution of syria project gutenberg selfpublishing. The constitution of the syrian arab republic of 2012 contents. This survey aims to contribute to providing answers to these two questions.
The governmental system of syria is a republican one. Article 1 1 the syrian arab republic is a democratic, popular, socialist, and sovereign state. Reaching to the original document, inside syria media center decided to move further. Syria went through key political phases after its independence in 1946. The president and the members of the peoples assembly the parliament are elected by direct election. Apr 15, 2012 the main problem with that constitution was article 8, which designated the baath party as leader of state and society. Since then, a number of amendments have been made therein and it has become necessary and expedient that an uptodate and authentic version of the constitution be published by the assembly. Since then, a number of amendments have been made therein and it has become necessary and expedient that an uptodate and authentic version of the constitution be publised by the assembly. Lets look at some of the pros and cons of syria s new constitution, authored by a 29member constitutional committee. Security council resolution 2254 which calls for the drafting of a new constitution and u. The 1973 constitution of the syrian arab republic was adopted on march 1973 and was in use until 27 february 2012. The supreme constitutional court is charged with control over the constitutionality of the laws as follows. Syria is a member of the union of the arab r epublics.
Ct, 1973, and schedule thereto 1 the constitution of zambia act, 1973, and the constitution in the schedule thereto, except for part vi, are repealed in so far as they form part of the laws of zambia. This document is an english version of the syrian constitution adopted on march 1973. Other previous constitutions were drafted in 1920, 1928, 1930, 1950, 1953 and 1958. Sc resolution 2254 june 2016 page 4 of 59 constitution, incorporating in its introductory pages a declaration of constitutional principles to ensure that syria is set on a new course see appendix iv. Constitution and the question of whether a president has the authority to take military action unilaterally, without a congressional declaration of war. We chose not to focus on the analysis of the draft. The syrian arab republic embodies this belonging in its national and panarab project and the work to support arab cooperation in order to promote integration and achieve the unity of the arab nation. Recognizing these orientations and perspectives contributes to. The 1973 war powers resolution wpr, about which i have written my thesis, was an attempt by congress to provide a constitutional framework for the executive and legislative branches to navigate war powers issues in accordance with the powers the constitution vests in both branches. Total number of years in which the constitution was amended. Mar thoma syrian church of malabar constitution english version. The most prominent characteristic of this constitution was that it accommodated. The bahamas constitution, 1973 statutory instruments.
The constitution of 2012 replaces the constitution of 1973. Mar thoma syrian church of malabar constitution english version 2002 chapter xiv parish edavaka 318 1. In this case there was a question regarding writ in the nature of mandamus. It is widely recognized that freedom of expression, and media freedom in particular, lies at the heart of a democratic system of government. Both amendments were meant to change the age of the president of the republic from the 40 to 34. Food and agriculture organization of the united nations. The constitution maintained most of the articles and items of the previous constitution of 1973. In addition, the 1973 constitution requires that legislation enacted previously should be amended to accord with the constitution, article 38 of which guarantees freedom of expression.
Syrian arab republic constitution of the syrian arab republic. Political parties are governed by legislative decree 1002011. All members of the malankara mar thoma syrian church, who participate in congregational worship in a parishchurch and have their names borne in the edavaka register of that parish, are members of that parish. When the ties of its national cohesion weakened, its civilizing role receded and the waves of colonial conquest shattered the arab. The constitution of 2012 stipulates that syria is a democratic state with full sovereignty, indivisible, and may not waive any part of its territory, and which reigning regime is that of the republic, where the people are the ruling authority. The constitution of islamic republic of pakistan 1973 analysing article. Extracts from the constitution of the islamic republic of pakistan, 1973.
The syrian arab republic, once the home of the ottoman empire, covers approximately 185,000 square kilometers of land in the heart of the middle east. There is the further consideration that if a law is enforced for three and a half decades it cannot, by any. Syria is a member of the union of the arab republics. I argue that there is a reciprocal relationship between militarism and masculinity, achieved through gratifying for both the nationprotection and women. This was the first legislative body since 1966, when the national assembly was dissolved. In the wake of the syrian revolution, the existing constitution in syria was that of 1973. The present sixth edition of the constitution is distinctive as it. This study also addresses the differences and similarities of the syrian kurdish situation with the kurdistan regional government krg in iraq. Damascus regime was not keen on rewriting a new constitution as a path of political reform.
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